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id="en_US_2025_publink1000173185"> Refund (or rebate). If you received a refund or rebate in 2025 of real estate taxes you paid in 2025, you must reduce your deduction by the amount refunded to you. If you received a refund or rebate in 2025 of real estate taxes you deducted in an earlier year, you must generally include the refund or rebate in income in the year you receive it. However, the amount you include in income is limited to the amount of the deduction that reduced your tax in the earlier year. For more information, see Recoveries in Pub. 525. Table 11-1. Which Taxes Can You Deduct? Type of tax You can deduct You can’t deduct Fees and charges Fees and charges that are expenses of your trade or business or of producing income. Fees and charges that aren’t expenses of your trade or business or of producing income, such as fees for driver's licenses, car inspections, parking, or charges for water bills (see Taxes and Fees You Can’t Deduct ). Fines and penalties. Income taxes State and local income taxes. Federal income taxes. Foreign income taxes. Employee contributions to private or voluntary disability plans. Employee contributions to state funds listed under Contributions to state benefit funds . State and local general sales taxes if you choose to deduct state and local income taxes. General sales taxes State and local general sales taxes, including compensating use taxes. State and local income taxes if you choose to deduct state and local general sales taxes. Other taxes Taxes that are expenses of your trade or business. Federal excise taxes, such as tax on gasoline, that aren’t expenses of your trade or business or of producing income. Taxes on property producing rent or royalty income. Per capita taxes. One-half of self-employment tax paid. Personal property taxes State and local personal property taxes. Customs duties that aren’t expenses of your trade or business or of producing income. Real estate taxes State and local real estate taxes. Real estate taxes that are treated as imposed on someone else (see Division of real estate taxes between buyers and sellers ). Tenant's share of real estate taxes paid by a cooperative housing corporation. Foreign real estate taxes. Taxes for local benefits (with exceptions). See Real Estate-Related Items You Can’t Deduct . Trash and garbage pickup fees (with exceptions). See Real Estate-Related Items You Can’t Deduct . Rent increase due to higher real estate taxes. Homeowners' association charges. Real Estate-Related Items You Can’t Deduct Payments for the following items generally aren’t deductible as real estate taxes. Taxes for local benefits. Itemized charges for services (such as trash and garbage pickup fees). Transfer taxes (or stamp taxes). Rent increases due to higher real estate taxes. Homeowners' association charges. Taxes for local benefits. Deductible real estate taxes generally don’t include taxes charged for local benefits and improvements tending to increase the value of your property. These include assessments for streets, sidewalks, water mains, sewer lines, public parking facilities, and similar improvements. You should increase the basis of your property by the amount of the assessment. Local benefit taxes are deductible only if they are for maintenance, repair, or interest charges related to those benefits. If only a part of the taxes is for maintenance, repair, or interest, you must be able to show the amount of that part to claim the deduction. If you can’t determine what part of the tax is for maintenance, repair, or interest, none of it is deductible. . Taxes for local benefits may be included in your real estate tax bill. If your taxing authority (or mortgage lender) doesn’t furnish you a copy of your real estate tax bill, ask for it. You should use the rules above to determine if the local benefit tax is deductible. Contact the taxing authority if you need additional information about a specific charge on your real estate tax bill. . Itemized charges for services. An itemized charge for services assessed against specific property or certain people isn’t a tax, even if the charge is paid to the taxing authority. For example, you can’t deduct the charge as a real estate tax if it is: A unit fee for the delivery of a service (such as a $5 fee charged for every 1,000 gallons of water you use), A periodic charge for a residential service (such as a $20 per month or $240 annual fee charged to each homeowner for trash collection), or A flat fee charged for a single service provided by your government (such as a $30 charge for mowing your lawn because it was allowed to grow higher than permitted under your local ordinance). . You must look at your real estate tax bill to determine if any nondeductible itemized charges, such as those listed above, are included in the bill. If your taxing authority (or mortgage lender) doesn’t furnish you a copy of your real estate tax bill, ask for it. . Exception. Service charges used to maintain or improve services (such as trash collection or police and fire protection) are deductible as real estate taxes if: The fees or charges are imposed at a like rate against all property in the taxing jurisdiction; The funds collected aren’t earmarked; instead, they are commingled with general revenue funds; and Funds used to maintain or improve services aren’t limited to or determined by the amount of these fees or charges collected. Transfer taxes (or stamp taxes). Transfer taxes and similar taxes and charges on the sale of a personal home aren’t deductible. If they are paid by the seller, they are expenses of the sale and reduce the amount realized on the sale. If paid by the buyer, they are included in the cost basis of the property. Rent increase due to higher real estate taxes. If your landlord increases your rent in the form of a tax surcharge because of increased real estate taxes, you can’t deduct the increase as taxes. Homeowners' association charges. These charges aren’t deductible because they are imposed by the homeowners' association, rather than the state or local government. Personal Property Taxes Personal property tax is deductible if it is a state or local tax that is: Charged on personal property; Based only on the value of the personal property; and Charged on a yearly basis, even if it is collected more or less than once a year. A tax that meets the above requirements can be considered charged on personal property even if it is for the exercise of a privilege. For example, a yearly tax based on value qualifies as a personal property tax even if it is called a registration fee and is for the privilege of registering motor vehicles or using them on the highways. If the tax is partly based on value and partly based on other criteria, it may qualify in part. Example. Your state charges a yearly motor vehicle registration tax of 1% of value plus 50 cents per hundredweight. You paid $32 based on the value ($1,500) and weight (3,400 lbs.) of your car. You can deduct $15 (1% × $1,500) as a personal property tax because it is based on the value. The remaining $17 ($0.50 × 34), based on the weight, isn’t deductible. Taxes and Fees You Can’t Deduct Many federal, state, and local government taxes aren’t deductible because they don’t fall within the categories discussed earlier. Other taxes and fees, such as federal income taxes, aren’t deductible because the tax law specifically prohibits a deduction for them. See Table 11-1 . Taxes and fees that are generally not deductible include the following items. Employment taxes. This includes social security, Medicare, and railroad retirement taxes withheld from your pay. However, one-half of self-employment tax you pay is deductible. In addition, the social security and other employment taxes you pay on the wages of a household worker may be included in medical expenses that you can deduct, or childcare expenses that allow you to claim the child and dependent care credit. For more information, see Pub. 502 and Pub. 503. Estate, inheritance, legacy, or succession taxes. You can deduct the estate tax attributable to income in respect of a decedent if you, as a beneficiary, must include that income in your gross income. In that case, deduct the estate tax on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 16. For more information, see Pub. 559. Federal income taxes. This includes income taxes withheld from your pay. Fines and penalties. You can’t deduct fines and penalties paid to a government for violation of any law, including related amounts forfeited as collateral deposits. Foreign personal or real property taxes. Gift taxes. License fees. You can’t deduct license fees for personal purposes (such as marriage, driver's, and pet license fees). Per capita taxes. You can’t deduct state or local per capita taxes. Many taxes and fees other than those listed above are also nondeductible, unless they are ordinary and necessary expenses of a business or income-producing activity. For other nondeductible items, see Real Estate-Related Items You Can’t Deduct , earlier. Where To Deduct You deduct taxes on the following schedules. State and local income taxes. These taxes are deducted on Schedule A (Form 1040), line 5a, even if your only source of income is from business, rents, or royalties. Limitation on deduction for state and local taxes. The deduction for state and local taxes is limited to $40,000 ($20,000 if married filing separately). The overall limit is reduced if your modified adjusted gross income is more than $500,000 ($250,000 if married filing separately) but will not be reduced below $10,000 ($5,000 if married filing separately). State and local taxes are the taxes that you include on Schedule A (Form 1040), lines 5a, 5b, and 5c. Include taxes imposed by a U.S. territory with your state and local taxes on Schedule A (Form 1040), lines 5a, 5b, and 5c. However, don't include any U.S. territory taxes you paid that are allocable to excluded income. . You may want to take a credit f